Background and Objective: Youth is a sensitive time, and the habits acquired during this period last a lifetime. Today's generation wastes their time with smartphones and other electronic media, which prevents them from focusing on academic and other healthy activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the problem of screen time and academic performance. Methods: This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 301 adolescents aged 10-18 years between January 2020 and December 2021. A pilot-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses using the interview method, focusing on basic demographic information and screen time. This pilot study was conducted on healthy adolescents attending the pediatric clinic of the Department of Pediatrics at GMH in Rewa, and the same questionnaires were then used in the sampled schools in Rewa County (M. P. ). Findings: In the present study, 106 children (35%) belonged to the early adolescent age group, 174 (58%) to the middle adolescent age group, and 21(7%) to the late adolescent age group. The average percentage of the participants’,grades was 74. 6%. It was found that the average percentage of grades obtained decreased with increasing screen time. Sixty-three (20. 9%) children with screen time of > 3 hours per day achieved an average grade of 62. 1%, while those who did not use screen media achieved an average grade of 88. 4%. This is statistically significant with a pvalue of <0. 001. Conclusion: Adolescents spending 3 hours per day in front of a computer screen may decrease their academic performance.

Purpose: To investigate changes in meibomian gland morphology and impact of electronic device usage time on meibomian glands in pediatric age group. Methods: In this prospective study, 149 eyes of 149 children were enrolled. The participants also completed the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and provided information regarding weekly hours spent in front of a digital screen. Meibography was performed in all subjects. Grading of images was evaluated using a previously validated 5-point meiboscale (0– 4) for meibomian gland atrophy and a 3-point scale for meibomian gland tortuosity (0– 2). Results: Of the 149 enrolled children, 83 (55. 7%) were female and 66 (44. 3%) male. The mean age was 13. 0 ± 3. 0 (range, 5– 18) years. The mean loss of meibomian gland area was 20. 80 ± 9. 32%. The mean meiboscore was 1. 20 ± 0. 58 for gland atrophy and the mean tortuosity score was 0. 99 ± 0. 62. The mean screen time was 29. 32 ± 16. 18 hr/week. There was a weak and significantly positive correlation between loss of meibomian gland area and screen time (r = 0. 210, P = 0. 010). There was a weak and significantly positive correlation between meiboscore for gland atrophy and screen time (r = 0. 188, P = 0. 022). We found a weak but significantly positive correlation between meibomian gland tortuosity and screen time (r = 0. 142, P = 0. 033). Conclusion: Meibomian gland morphology may show changes in pediatric age group and excessive screen time may be a factor triggering these changes in gland morphology.

Introduction: The use of screen media by children and adolescents is increasing and has destructive effects on various development aspects. This study was done to determine the correlates of Screen Time (ST) in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Published articles from January 2000 to September 2020 were searched through PubMed, PsycNet, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Magiran, SID, and IranDoc databases were searched for Persian studies with no time limitation. The used keywords were correlates OR predictors + screen time, screen use, screen viewing, screen media, mobile use, cellphone use, TV/ television viewing, TV/ television use, TV/ television, computer use, video game, Media exposure, Media use, electronic media, digital media, digital devices, tablet use + adolescent, youth, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and children. The literature search identified 51 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: After reviewing the studies according to the PRISMA checklist, the correlates were Grouped in five categories: (i) child biological and demographic correlates, (ii) behavioral correlates, (iii) family biological and demographic correlates, (iv) family structure related correlates, and (v) socio-cultural and environmental correlates. The most common correlates found were age, sex, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children, age and education of parents, socio-economic status, physical activity, quality of the neighborhood, parents’ ST, rules, and Digital Devices (DD) in the child/ adolescent’ s bedroom. Conclusion: The ST in children and adolescents is associated with several factors at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social/ cultural levels. It is suggested that health promotion programs to reduce the use of these devices should be implemented with a comprehensive view of the individual, family, and society.

Background: Aggressive behaviors have increasing trend in children and adolescents all over the world. This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the association between screen time activities and aggressive behaviors. Methods: A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Institute of Scientifi c Information (ISI), and Scopus, until 2017. Moreover, related unpublished studies (grey literature, thesis project and congress paper), considered for further data availability. Data extraction and quality assessment conducted by two independent experts. Results: Through searching processes, 4381 publications were found, from them. 483 papers were from PubMed database and others were from ISI/WOS (1724) and Scopus (1938). Following the excluding of non‑ relevant and duplicated studies, 19 studies remained for further analyzing. Findings of the present study showed that children and adolescents who share most of their time for watching of television are at greater risk for violent behaviors including physical fighting, victim and bully. Conclusion: This review found that children and adolescents who share most of their time for watching of television are at greater risk for violent behaviors including physical fight, victim and bully.

Background :The rise of digital media has transformed children's interactions with their environment, raising concerns about its impact on early childhood development, particularly speech and language acquisition. Objectives :This study examines the relationship between screen time and speech delays in Iranian children aged 18 to 36 months, focusing on early media exposure before 12 months. Methods :A cross-sectional study involved 192 children attending health centers in Isfahan, selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQs) focusing on communication skills and a screen time checklist. Participants were categorized based on ASQ outcomes, and statistical analyses, including t-tests and logistic regression, were conducted to assess associations between screen time and speech delay. Results :The average screen time was 3.1 hours per day for children with speech delays, compared to 1.8 hours for those without. A statistically significant difference in mean screen time was observed (t (190) = 5.63, P < .001), with screen time identified as a significant predictor of speech delay [Odds ratios (OR) = 1.90, P < 0.001]. Early media exposure was also associated with an increased risk. Conclusions :Prolonged screen time significantly correlates with speech delays in Iranian children, highlighting the need for informed media consumption practices. These findings underscore the importance of developing public health guidelines to educate parents and caregivers on healthy screen time management during critical developmental periods, ultimately contributing to optimizing child health and development in the digital age.